World Impact of Transporation

It seems that the common public perception of transportation is that automobiles are damaging the environment and the best way to combat the rise in pollution is to take as many trips as possible on foot or using a bicycle. This would cut down on emissions and, therefore, save the planet. The theory explored in this report is that the common views on transportation are not entirely accurate and people don’t always see the big picture. The main goal of this project is to investigate the out-of-pocket cost weighed against the global impact of various forms of transportation, namely, walking, riding bicycles, traditional cars, electric cars, etc. The end goal of this project is to find the most efficient transportation method in regards to environmental, and socioeconomic impact

Hospital Lobby Assistant Robot

The primary goal of this MQP is to produce a user friendly robot that assists users in navigating a given area. Specifically, this group chose to focus on a hospital setting. In order to achieve this goal, the group designed a robot that was capable of navigation, possessed an arm with which to open doors, and that could be commanded by users from an intuitive on-board UI. A secondary goal of this MQP was to create an extensible platform for future groups. To achieve this goal, the team designed a modular backend system so that new modules could be added to the robot in the future with minimal time spent by future groups on integration

FcγR-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection of monocytes activates inflammation

SARS-CoV-2 can cause acute respiratory distress and death in some patients1. Although severe COVID-19 disease is linked to exuberant inflammation, how SARS-CoV-2 triggers inflammation is not understood2. Monocytes and macrophages are sentinel cells that sense invasive infection to form inflammasomes that activate caspase-1 and gasdermin D (GSDMD), leading to inflammatory death (pyroptosis) and release of potent inflammatory mediators3. Here we show that about 6% of blood monocytes in COVID-19 patients are infected with SARS-CoV-2. Monocyte infection depends on uptake of antibody-opsonized virus by Fcγ receptors. Vaccine recipient plasma does not promote antibody-dependent monocyte infection. SARS-CoV-2 begins to replicate in monocytes, but infection is aborted, and infectious virus is not detected in infected monocyte culture supernatants. Instead, infected cells undergo inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis) mediated by activation of NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes, caspase-1 and GSDMD. Moreover, tissue-resident macrophages, but not infected epithelial and endothelial cells, from COVID-19 lung autopsies have activated inflammasomes. These findings taken together suggest that antibody-mediated SARS-CoV-2 uptake by monocytes/macrophages triggers inflammatory cell death that aborts production of infectious virus but causes systemic inflammation that contributes to COVID-19 pathogenesis

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead